A fondo: Análisis 2017 | In depth: 2017 Analysis www.futurenergyweb.es 30 FuturEnergy | Diciembre 2017-Enero 2018 December 2017-January 2018 tablecer de forma clara hasta qué punto somos competitivos, y devolver a la sociedad el esfuerzo que hizo para el desarrollo de la tecnología fotovoltaica, a través de una energía eléctrica más barata, la fotovoltaica ha podido demostrar que no es solo una tecnología de futuro que produce una energía limpia, sino que en emplazamientos con un buen recurso, es la tecnología con capacidad de ofertar un precio inferior. La adjudicación de 3,9 GW fotovoltaicos supone una importante oportunidad de reactivación para el sector, con unas inversiones estimadas en 3.500 M€ y la creación de muchos nuevos puestos de trabajo cualificados y locales. Además, cabe destacar que las principales ganadoras de las licitaciones han sido las empresas españolas, las mismas que en los últimos años se han visto obligadas a internacionalizarse para sobrevivir a causa de la parálisis del sector en España, y que ahora tienen la posibilidad de volver a operar y crear riqueza en el mercado nacional. De cara a las subastas que se llevarán a cabo en los próximos meses en Canarias y en Baleares, esperamos que tengan un diseño adecuado y que permitan a estos territorios la recuperación del sector en los territorios insulares, donde nuestra presencia tiene aún si cabe más sentido económico y ambiental. Cabe recordar que las subastas más eficientes son aquellas cuyo principal criterio de adjudicación de los proyectos sea el precio ofertado por kWh producido. La falta de planificación de un programa de subastas energéticas a medio y largo plazo en nuestro país, supone la necesidad para el sector de buscar otras vías de desarrollo para que su expansión siga teniendo continuidad, como son la venta de energía a mercado pool y la contratación de PPAs. El modelo del acuerdo de compraventa de electricidad a largo plazo (Power Purchase Agreement, PPA por sus siglas en inglés), que ya es una realidad en países como EE.UU., supone un contrato de venta de electricidad entre un generador y un cliente final, en el que las dos partes establecen un precio de la electricidad. En este sentido, todavía queda mucho trabajo por delante y hay que aprender la gestión del cambio del riesgo regulatorio por el riesgo de mercado. Esta tarea le corresponde tanto a las empresas del sector fotovoltaico, como a las entidades financieras y a las compañías de seguros. Dentro de este entorno positivo, uno de los elementos negativos de este año que nos deja, es la intención anunciada de reducir la rentabilidad razonable establecida para los proyectos a partir de enero de 2020. resources, it is the technology with the capacity to offer a lower price. The award of 3.9 GW photovoltaic represents an important opportunity to reactivate the sector, with estimated investments of €3.5bn and the creation of many new skilled, local jobs. Moreover it is worth noting that the main winners of the tenders were Spanish companies, the very same entities who, in recent years, have been compelled to look overseas to survive because of the paralysis of the sector in Spain, and that now have the possibility of returning to operations and the creation of wealth in the domestic market. With a view to the auctions due to take place in the coming months in the Canaries and Balearics, we hope that they are properly designed and that they allow the sector to recover in these island territories, where our presence makes even more economic and environmental sense. It is worth remembering that the most efficient auctions are ones whose main criteria to award projects are the tendered price per kWh produced. The lack of planning of a medium and long-term energy auction programme in Spain means that the sector must look for other ways to develop so that its expansion continues, such as the sale of energy to the pool market and the contracting of PPAs. The long-term Power Purchase Agreement model is already a reality in countries like the USA and involves a sales contract for electricity between a generator and the end client, in which both parties establish a price for the power provided. In this regard, there is still a lot of work to be done and we have to learn how to manage the change from regulatory risk to market risk. This task has to be undertaken by companies in the PV sector, financial entities and insurance companies. Within this positive environment, one of the negative elements of 2017 is the announced intention to reduce the established reasonable return for projects as from January 2020. Although it has to be recognised that this plan was included in the regulation, market perception was different. Th PV sector had hoped that a new phase was starting, bringing with it stability, which is why the sector is calling on the Ministry to reconsider its position, given that the implementation of this announcement will take us into a scenario of institutionalised legal uncertainty. This new reduction is extremely prejudicial for the owners of PV installations currently in operation, who will find themselves obliged to seek refinancing for their projects, assume increased financial costs and, for many, it could result in the loss of capital or the fact that all the resources generated by the projects have to be allocated to paying off bank debts. In respect of the other side of the sector, self-consumption, despite unjustifiable barriers having been put in place, the selfconsumption market has continued to grow and advance in 2017. It’s expected that the year will close with more than the 55 MW installed in 2016. The recent Constitutional Court Judgment in respect of collective self-consumption makes us hope that a door has opened to a still more efficient form of self-consumption that can complement individual initiatives. In this respect, the sector hopes that the
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