Energías Renovables | Renewable Energies FuturEnergy | Enero-Febrero January-February 2016 www.futurenergyweb.es 37 El Reino Unido fue de lejos el mercado más fuerte, con una inversión un 24% superior, 23.400 M$. Alemania invirtió 10.600 M$, un 42% menos al moverse hacia un apoyo menos generoso a la energía solar y, en eólica, por la incertidumbre acerca de cómo funcionará el nuevo sistema de subastas a partir de 2017. Francia registró un descenso aún mayor de la inversión, del 53%, con un total de 2.900 M$. La inversión en energía limpia en Brasil cayó un 10% situándose en 7.500 M$ en 2015, mientras que India ganó un 23% hasta los 10.900 M$, la inversión más alta desde 2011, pero muy lejos de las cifras necesarias para implementar los ambiciosos planes del gobierno Modi. Japón registró un aumento de la inversión del 3% llegando a 43.600 M$, gracias a un boom fotovoltaico continuo. En Canadá, la inversión en energía limpia cayó un 43% situándose en 4.100 M$, mientras que en Australia, subió un 16% hasta 2.900 M$. Una serie de nuevos mercados juntos dedicaron decenas de miles de millones de dólares para energía limpia el año pasado. Estos incluyen México (4.200 M$, un aumento del 114%), Chile (3.500 M$, un aumento del 157%), Sudáfrica (4.500 M$, un aumento de 329%) y Marruecos (2.000 M$, un aumento de casi cero respecto a 2014). África y Oriente Medio son dos regiones con gran potencial para la energía limpia, debido a su creciente población, los recursos solares y eólicos abundantes y, en muchos países africanos, las bajas tasas de acceso a la electricidad. En 2015, estas regiones en conjunto registraron una inversión de 13.400 M$, un 54%más que el año anterior. Después de ligeras revisiones de los totales de años anteriores para reflejar información adicional, la serie histórica de Bloomberg New Energy Finance para la inversión mundial en energía limpia queda como se muestra en el gráfico. $20bn of asset finance was allocated to clean energy technologies such as smart grids and utility-scale battery storage, up 11% on 2014 and the latest in an unbroken series of annual increases over the past nine years. The final category of clean energy investment, government and corporate research and development spending, totalled $28.3bn in 2015, up a mere 1%. This figure provides a benchmark for any increased expenditure in the wake of announcements at the COP21 in Paris by consortia of governments and private investors, led by Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg. National trends China was once again by far the largest investor in clean energy in 2015, increasing its dominance with a 17% increase to $110.5bn, thanks to its government stimulating wind and solar development to meet electricity demand, limiting reliance on polluting coal-fired power stations and creating international champions. In second place was the USA, with an investment of $56bn, up 8% on the previous year and the strongest figure since the era of the “green stimulus” policies in 2011. Money-raising by quoted ‘yieldcos’, in addition to solid growth in investment in new solar and wind projects, supported the US total. Europe again saw lower investment in 2015, at $58.5bn, down 18% on 2014 and its weakest figure since 2006. The UK was by far the strongest market, with investment up 24% to $23.4bn. Germany invested $10.6bn, down 42% due to its move towards less generous support for solar and, in wind power, uncertainty about how a new auction systemwill work from 2017. France saw an even bigger fall in investment, down 53%with a total of $2.9bn. Brazil’s clean energy investment slipped 10% to $7.5bn in 2015, while India gained 23% to $10.9n, the highest since 2011 but a far cry from the figures needed to implement the Modi government’s ambitious plans. Japan saw investment rise 3% to $43.6bn, on the back of a continuing PV boom. In Canada, clean energy investment fell 43% to $4.1bn, while in Australia, it edged up 16% to $2.9bn. A number of new markets together committed tens of billions of dollars to clean energy last year. These include Mexico ($4.2bn, up 114%), Chile ($3.5bn, up 157%), South Africa ($4.5bn, up 329%) and Morocco ($2bn, up from almost zero on 2014). Africa and the Middle East are two regions with huge potential for clean energy, given their growing populations, plentiful solar and wind resources and, in many African countries, low rates of electricity access. In 2015, these regions combined recorded an investment of $13.4bn, up 54% on the previous year. Following minor revisions to previous year totals to reflect additional deal information, Bloomberg New Energy Finance’s historical series for global clean energy investment stands as shown in the graph. Parque eólico marinoWest of Duddon Sands (WoDS), 389 MW, Reino Unido. Desarrollado por Iberdrola a través de su filial británica ScottishPower Renewables y en consorcio con la empresa danesa Dong Energy. Foto cortesía de Iberdrola | Offshore wind farm West of Duddon Sands (WoDS), 389 MW, UK. Developed by Iberdrola through its British subsidiary, ScottishPower Renewables and in consortiumwith Danish company Dong Energy. Photo courtesy of Iberdrola
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