This news article was originally written in Spanish. It has been automatically translated for your convenience. Reasonable efforts have been made to provide an accurate translation, however, no automated translation is perfect nor is it intended to replace a human translator. The original article in Spanish can be viewed at Efectos para la salud. Patologías
Ver más artículos sobre:
Prevention of occupational hazards in industries that incorporate processes of sheet metal cutting
Health effects. Pathologies
01/02/2003
General risks
Non-exhaustive list of dangers
* Blows and cuts
- falls at the same level
- falls of persons at different level
- falls from height of tools, materials, etc.
- inappropriate space
- dangers associated with manual handling of loads.
- in installations and machines dangers associated with the Assembly, the appropriation operation, maintenance, modification, repair and disassembly
- dangers of vehicles, both in internal transport such as road transport.
- fires and explosions
- substances that can be inhaled
- substances or agents which can damage the eyes
- substances that can cause damage by contact or absorption through the skin
- substances that may cause damage to be ingested
- dangerous energy (for example: electricity, radiation, noise and vibration)
- muscle-skeletal disorders arising from repetitive movements
- inappropriate thermal environment
- inadequate lighting conditions
- inadequate handrails on stairs
Specific risks
* Siderosis (type of pneumoconiosis) produced by iron oxide.
* Acute poisoning or death, caused by toxic gases (phosgene and others) by vapours of heated chlorinated solvents.
* Damage in cornea and conjunctiva produced by intense, ultraviolet light, and sometimes x-rays.
- In the eyes, the type of injury produced varies with the wavelength of the radiation:
- B infrared radiation and (c) (1400 nm - 1 mm) penetrate the eye turning into heat, where they produced an injury to her cornea it giving rise to thermal waterfall and burn cornea.
- The infrared radiation (780-1400 nm) penetrate the eye turning into heat in a way more intense than the previous case, where they produce a slow, cumulative action of opacity of the lens (cataract of the glassmaker) as well as a thermal injury in the retina.
- Visible radiation (400-700 nm) and infrarrojo-A (700-1400 nm) can pass through the different tissues that make up the eye (cornea, crystalline, aqueous humor and vitreous humor) and reach the retina, producing a thermal injury, photochemistry or retinal. Since the cornea acts as a convergent lens, when the eye is focusing a laser beam the injury will occur in the fovea or macula, deteriorating visual function sometimes irreversibly. If it is not focusing the beam laser, we will have a peripheral lesion in the retina that can go unnoticed, detected in an eye review.
- (315-400 Nm) UV-A radiation is absorbed in a high percentage by the crystalline, being the predominant injury falls.
- UV-B (280 to 315 nm) radiation, UV-C (200 to 280 nm), IR-B (1.4 to 3.0 µm) and IR-C (3.0 µm to 1 mm), are arrested and absorbed by the cornea, producing respectively fotoqueratitis (UV) or corneal burn (IR).
* Irritation of eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory system due to breakdown of solvents (chlorides, fluorides, nitrates) products.
* Eye stress by not adequate lighting
* Allergies of the skin by management of metals and fluxes.
* Neurotoxic disorders by the presence of lead, cadmium, zinc, ozone and carbon monoxide fumes.
* Hearing loss caused by noise.
* Stress produced by the heat.
* Fatigue in the legs due to a permanent position.
* Muscle exhaustion, lumbago by handling heavy pieces.
* Effects on health caused by the cutting fluids:
- Skin conditions:
- Irritant Contact Dermatitis (erythema, scaling, cracking and thickening of the skin), the irritating effect of some additives and the alkalinity of the own taladrina.
- Elaioconiosis or oil (follicles pilosebáceos) button. Caused by occlusion of the follicular orifices that oils originate to be retained in the skin.
- Allergic contact dermatitis. Allergens: additives
- Chloric acne. It is chlorinated additives.
- Melanosis. Hiperpigmentacion on the forehead and neck areas
- Neoplasm. Benign tumours mainly in the back of the hands and forearms
- Injuries produced by mechanical abrasion. Abrasive and cutting effect of small chips
- Bacterial infections. He aggravated the State of other dermopatias.
* Conditions to the respiratory tract:
- Reaction fibrotic, produced by the Gothic oil (5 um).
* Cancer:
- Aromatic hydrocarbon policiclicos (mineral oils). Today, using modern techniques of refining, most of lubricant oils do not have carcinogenic effects
- N-nitrosamines. Fluids containing amines and nitrites.
